Quick answer: Check local fire restrictions, choose a flat open spot at least 15 feet from tents and vegetation, clear a 10-foot circle, use an existing pit or dig about 1 foot deep and ring it, then build a small fire with dry wood from the ground lit by a match or lighter. Never leave it unattended, and put it out with water, stirring and more water until it is cool to the touch. That is the Smokey Bear method.
A campfire is simple when you respect the order: site, pit, small fire, full extinguish. Most escaped fires skip one of those steps.
This guide follows the US Forest Service Smokey Bear campfire safety steps.
Related: tent camping gear checklist, campfire in a fire pit and building a rock fire ring.
Site and Pit
- Check restrictions and weather. No fire if prohibited, dry or windy.
- Flat open spot away from gusty wind, at least 15 feet from tents, vegetation and low branches, with overhead clearance three times the flame height.
- Clear a 10-foot diameter.
- Use an existing pit, or dig about 1 foot deep and surround it with a metal ring or rocks.
Build the Fire
| Do | Do not |
|---|---|
| Gather small dry sticks and logs from the ground | Cut live or dead trees or branches |
| Light with a match or lighter | Use flammable liquids |
| Keep it small | Leave it unattended |
| Burn clean wood | Burn trash, aerosols, batteries, glass or aluminum |
Put It Out Completely
- Pour plenty of water until the hissing stops.
- Stir the wet embers, dirt and sand; scrape out sticks and logs.
- Add more water, dirt or sand until everything is cool.
- Hover the back of your hand over the ashes to confirm.
Fire and Your Tent
The US Forest Service says to keep open fires and fuel-burning appliances far enough from the tent to prevent ignition and never to use a flame device inside a tent. Keep the fire downwind of the tent and the 15-foot distance as a minimum.
Honest Limits
Local rules override this guide. Fire bans change daily in dry seasons, and some campgrounds allow fires only in provided rings. We have not tested fire-starting products.
Frequently Asked Questions
How far from the tent should a campfire be?
At least 15 feet.
How big should the fire be?
Small, per Smokey Bear.
Can I use lighter fluid?
No. Match or lighter only.
What wood should I use?
Dry sticks and logs from the ground.
Can I cut branches for firewood?
No, not live or dead trees or branches.
How do I put it out?
Water, stir, more water, until cool to the touch.
Can I leave embers overnight?
No. Never leave a fire unattended.
What if it is windy?
Skip the fire.
Can I burn trash?
No.
Do I need a fire ring?
Use an existing pit, or dig and ring one where allowed.
Bottom Line
Site, pit, small fire, full extinguish, in that order.
Keep it 15 feet from the tent and never leave it burning.
Sources: Smokey Bear, Campfire Safety; US Forest Service, Know Before You Go: Camping.